For some children, exercise support can be hard to reach. This review asks whether a screen can bring that support home—and finds encouraging results, but not for every child or every goal.
Various studies have shown the effectiveness of motor interventions for children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Web-based interventions may provide an opportunity for remote access to effective interventions with less burden on therapists. This systematic review aimed to examine the effects of web-based exercise interventions for children with NDDs. We searched PubMed for relevant articles published in English since 1994 and included intervention studies focusing on NDDs in children aged ≤18 years, who received web-based exercise interventions. We categorized the extracted information by outcome measure and intervention type and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. We selected five articles whose subjects had autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and developmental coordination disorder (DCD). The exercise interventions used active video games, a Zoom-based intervention, and a WhatsApp-based intervention. Three papers showed improvements in physical activity, motor function, and executive function, whereas two papers on DCD showed no improvements in motor coordination or physical activity. Web-based exercise intervention for children with ASD and ADHD may improve their motor function, executive function, and physical activity rather than for children with NDDs. An intervention may be more effective when the content of the intervention is based on objectives and symptoms, when guidance is provided by specialists, or when sufficient explanation and support are provided to parents. However, more research is needed to statistically evaluate the effectiveness of web-based exercise interventions for children with NDDs.
Transcript
For some children, exercise support can be hard to reach. This review asks whether a screen can bring that support home—and finds encouraging results, but not for every child or every goal. Web-based interventions may help children with neurodevelopmental disorders access effective exercise support remotely, potentially reducing the burden on therapists.
Web-based interventions provide an opportunity to receive effective interventions at a distance with less burden on therapists. The idea is like bringing a coach into the living room: a child can receive support at a distance, either independently or with a therapist helping through the program.
The review focused specifically on exercise interventions and examined their effects on social skills, motor functions, and physical activity. The review began with many potentially relevant articles, but most were removed because their children, ages, interventions, or outcomes did not match the question.
After the screening process described by the reviewers, the review ultimately included five full-text articles as its final evidence base. The included studies' characteristics were then summarized systematically in Table One, allowing the studies to be compared side by side.
One study tested executive function, meaning abilities such as stopping a response, switching between tasks, and updating information. For children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, exercise through active video games significantly improved reaction times for stopping responses and switching tasks.
The results need caution because most articles had a high risk of bias when participants and staff knew which intervention they received. Because most studies had a high risk of bias in blinding participants and personnel, and outcome-assessment blinding was unclear, their reported improvements should be interpreted cautiously.
The review included exercise through active video games, a live video connection, and a messaging application. Three of the five studies showed improvements in motor function, executive function, or physical activity. The evidence remains limited because the review included a very small number of studies and could not combine their results into one overall estimate.
The studies also differed in their design, exercise methods, and monitoring, making direct comparison difficult. Future trials must clarify which children benefit, since the included studies involved children with different clinical characteristics that the review could not fully investigate.
They should also compare intervention programs and monitoring, because the studies differed in exercise frequency, time, duration, type, and monitoring during intervention. Web-based exercise may help children with autism or attention difficulties improve movement, thinking skills, or physical activity, but the evidence is still small and uneven.
What matters is careful matching, expert guidance, and family support.
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