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The implementation and impacts of the Comprehensive Care Standard in Australian acute care hospitals: a survey study

Curious 3:32 CC AI

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Beibei Xiong, Christine Stirling, Daniel X. Bailey, Melinda Martin‐Khan

A hospital can have skilled professionals, a national care standard, and still fail to give every patient one joined-up plan. This study found that confidence was high—but the support needed to make care consistent was not.

Abstract

Background Comprehensive care (CC) is becoming a widely acknowledged standard for modern healthcare as it has the potential to improve health service delivery impacting both patient-centred care and clinical outcomes. In 2019, the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care mandated the implementation of the Comprehensive Care Standard (CCS). However, little is known about the implementation and impacts of the CCS in acute care hospitals. Our study aimed to explore care professionals’ self-reported knowledge, experiences, and perceptions about the implementation and impacts of the CCS in Australian acute care hospitals. Methods An online survey using a cross-sectional design that included Australian doctors, nurses, and allied health professionals in acute care hospitals was distributed through our research team and organisation, healthcare organisations, and clinical networks using various methods, including websites, newsletters, emails, and social media platforms. The survey items covered self-reported knowledge of the CCS and confidence in performing CC, experiences in consumer involvement and CC plans, and perceptions of organisational support and impacts of CCS on patient care and health outcomes. Quantitative data were analysed using Rstudio, and qualitative data were analysed thematically using Nvivo. Results 864 responses were received and 649 were deemed valid responses. On average, care professionals selfreported a moderate level of knowledge of the CCS (median = 3/5) and a high level of confidence in performing CC (median = 4/5), but they self-reported receiving only a moderate level of organisational support (median = 3/5). Only 4% (n = 17) of respondents believed that all patients in their unit had CCS-compliant care plans, which was attributed to lack of knowledge, motivation, teamwork, and resources, documentation issues, system and process limitations, and environment-specific challenges. Most participants believed the CCS introduction improved many aspects of patient care and health outcomes, but also raised healthcare costs. Conclusion Care professionals are confident in performing CC but need more organisational support. Further education and training, resources, multidisciplinary collaboration, and systems and processes that support CC are needed to improve the implementation of the CCS. Perceived increased costs may hinder the sustainability of the CCS. Future research is needed to examine the cost-effectiveness of the implementation of the CCS.

Transcript

A hospital can have skilled professionals, a national care standard, and still fail to give every patient one joined-up plan. This study found that confidence was high—but the support needed to make care consistent was not. Acute care hospitals treat many patients with serious or complex conditions, so care may need to come from several professionals in different parts of the hospital.

Without coordination, that care can become fragmented, leading to unnecessary hospital stays and harmful events. A disease-by-disease approach cannot meet these complex needs. That is why services have gradually shifted toward comprehensive care: care designed to improve both the patient’s experience and clinical results.

Earlier survey research had focused on implementation challenges, while studies examining the standard’s impacts remained scarce, leaving a clear research gap for understanding the standard in practice. The study therefore sought a national picture of care professionals’ knowledge, experiences, and perceptions of implementation and impacts in Australian acute care hospitals.

That gap matters because poor understanding can weaken the standard, waste money, time, and effort, and increase costs for patients and governments. This study set out to build a national picture from care professionals’ own experiences and views.

The study focused on the perspective of care professionals working in acute hospitals. It was part of a larger project that also examines the views of patients and unpaid carers. Think of comprehensive care like a shared travel plan: each professional may handle a different part of the journey, but the patient should not have to carry separate maps and connect them alone.

To gather those views, the survey was shared through healthcare organisations, facilities, and clinical networks, using websites, newsletters, magazines, email, and social media. People who received the invitation were also encouraged to share it with their own networks, widening the range of professionals who could respond.

A single care plan is an essential part of comprehensive care. Yet only four percent of respondents said that all patients in their unit had a plan meeting the standard. The remaining answers spread across most, half, some, or none of the patients.

In other words, the shared map existed reliably for very few units, and in some units it existed for no patients at all. Here is the encouraging part. Among professionals who knew about the standard, more than half believed it improved teamwork across disciplines, shared decisions, continuity of care, quality of life, education, and satisfaction.

More than half also saw improvements in emotional, social, and spiritual support, symptom control, and patients’ ability to follow their care. The findings need caution. Only professionals who had heard about the standard were included, and people especially interested in it may have been more likely to respond.

There was also no survey from before the standard began. Even so, the study brings significant implementation issues into view and offers an initial step toward addressing knowledge gaps about the national care standard. The standard was linked, in professionals’ views, to better teamwork, decisions, continuity, and patient experience.

But making that promise real requires time, resources, shared responsibility, and systems that do not turn care into paperwork.

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